初始化Hexo站点并部署到Github

发表于 2024-05-10 分类于 hexo 阅读次数：本文字数： 2.6k 阅读时长 ≈ 9 分钟

初始化一个Hexo站点，并将其部署托管到Giuhub中

先决条件

Node.js (Node.js 版本需不低于 10.13，建议使用 Node.js 12.0 及以上版本)
Git

安装git

Windows：下载并安装 git。
Mac：使用 Homebrew, MacPorts 或者下载安装程序。
Linux (Ubuntu, Debian)：sudo apt-get install git-core
Linux (Fedora, Red Hat, CentOS)：sudo yum install git-core

Mac 用户

如果在编译时可能会遇到问题，请先到 App Store 安装 Xcode，Xcode 完成后，启动并进入 Preferences -> Download -> Command Line Tools -> Install 安装命令行工具。

Windows 用户

对于中国大陆地区用户，可以前往淘宝 Git for Windows 镜像下载 git 安装包。

示例：rocky9.2

[root@hexo /]# dnf install git-core -y
Rocky Linux 9 - BaseOS                                                                                                                 1.1 MB/s | 2.2 MB     00:01    
Rocky Linux 9 - AppStream                                                                                                              4.4 MB/s | 7.4 MB     00:01    
Rocky Linux 9 - Extras                                                                                                                  14 kB/s |  14 kB     00:01    
Dependencies resolved.
=======================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                               Architecture                        Version                                        Repository                              Size
=======================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 git-core                              x86_64                              2.39.3-1.el9_2                                 appstream                              4.2 M

Transaction Summary
=======================================================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 4.2 M
Installed size: 19 M
Downloading Packages:
git-core-2.39.3-1.el9_2.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                      10 MB/s | 4.2 MB     00:00    
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                                                                  4.1 MB/s | 4.2 MB     00:01     
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                                                                                                               1/1 
  Installing       : git-core-2.39.3-1.el9_2.x86_64                                                                                                                1/1 
  Running scriptlet: git-core-2.39.3-1.el9_2.x86_64                                                                                                                1/1 
  Verifying        : git-core-2.39.3-1.el9_2.x86_64                                                                                                                1/1 

Installed:
  git-core-2.39.3-1.el9_2.x86_64                                                                                                                                       

Complete!
[root@hexo /]#

安装Node.js

常见的Node.js包管理器如下：

npm：node.js默认包管理器
yarn
cnpm

cnpm是淘宝镜像团队提供的npm镜像，它允许在中国境内更快地安装和下载npm包。cnpm使用与npm相同的命令行接口。
pnpm

示例：rocky9.2

[root@hexo /]# dnf install -y npm
Last metadata expiration check: 0:05:19 ago on Sun May  5 13:51:32 2024.
Dependencies resolved.
=======================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                  Architecture                   Version                                               Repository                         Size
=======================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 npm                                      x86_64                         1:8.19.4-1.16.20.2.4.el9_3                            appstream                         1.7 M
Installing dependencies:
 libbrotli                                x86_64                         1.0.9-6.el9                                           baseos                            313 k
 nodejs                                   x86_64                         1:16.20.2-4.el9_3                                     appstream                         111 k
 nodejs-libs                              x86_64                         1:16.20.2-4.el9_3                                     appstream                          14 M
Installing weak dependencies:
 nodejs-docs                              noarch                         1:16.20.2-4.el9_3                                     appstream                         7.1 M
 nodejs-full-i18n                         x86_64                         1:16.20.2-4.el9_3                                     appstream                         8.2 M

Transaction Summary
=======================================================================================================================================================================
Install  6 Packages

Total download size: 32 M
Installed size: 168 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/6): libbrotli-1.0.9-6.el9.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                827 kB/s | 313 kB     00:00    
(2/6): nodejs-libs-16.20.2-4.el9_3.x86_64.rpm                                                                                           12 MB/s |  14 MB     00:01    
(3/6): npm-8.19.4-1.16.20.2.4.el9_3.x86_64.rpm                                                                                         1.3 MB/s | 1.7 MB     00:01    
(4/6): nodejs-full-i18n-16.20.2-4.el9_3.x86_64.rpm                                                                                     7.3 MB/s | 8.2 MB     00:01    
(5/6): nodejs-16.20.2-4.el9_3.x86_64.rpm                                                                                               367 kB/s | 111 kB     00:00    
(6/6): nodejs-docs-16.20.2-4.el9_3.noarch.rpm                                                                                           17 MB/s | 7.1 MB     00:00    
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                                                                   11 MB/s |  32 MB     00:03     
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Running scriptlet: npm-1:8.19.4-1.16.20.2.4.el9_3.x86_64                                                                                                         1/1 
  Preparing        :                                                                                                                                               1/1 
  Installing       : nodejs-docs-1:16.20.2-4.el9_3.noarch                                                                                                          1/6 
  Installing       : libbrotli-1.0.9-6.el9.x86_64                                                                                                                  2/6 
  Installing       : nodejs-libs-1:16.20.2-4.el9_3.x86_64                                                                                                          3/6 
  Installing       : npm-1:8.19.4-1.16.20.2.4.el9_3.x86_64                                                                                                         4/6 
  Installing       : nodejs-full-i18n-1:16.20.2-4.el9_3.x86_64                                                                                                     5/6 
  Installing       : nodejs-1:16.20.2-4.el9_3.x86_64                                                                                                               6/6 
  Running scriptlet: nodejs-1:16.20.2-4.el9_3.x86_64                                                                                                               6/6 
  Verifying        : libbrotli-1.0.9-6.el9.x86_64                                                                                                                  1/6 
  Verifying        : npm-1:8.19.4-1.16.20.2.4.el9_3.x86_64                                                                                                         2/6 
  Verifying        : nodejs-libs-1:16.20.2-4.el9_3.x86_64                                                                                                          3/6 
  Verifying        : nodejs-full-i18n-1:16.20.2-4.el9_3.x86_64                                                                                                     4/6 
  Verifying        : nodejs-1:16.20.2-4.el9_3.x86_64                                                                                                               5/6 
  Verifying        : nodejs-docs-1:16.20.2-4.el9_3.noarch                                                                                                          6/6 

Installed:
  libbrotli-1.0.9-6.el9.x86_64            nodejs-1:16.20.2-4.el9_3.x86_64          nodejs-docs-1:16.20.2-4.el9_3.noarch    nodejs-full-i18n-1:16.20.2-4.el9_3.x86_64   
  nodejs-libs-1:16.20.2-4.el9_3.x86_64    npm-1:8.19.4-1.16.20.2.4.el9_3.x86_64   

Complete!

# 查看node版本
[root@hexo /]# node -v
v16.20.2
[root@hexo /]# 

# 更换为npm国内源
[root@hexo /]# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com
[root@hexo /]# npm config get registry
https://registry.npmmirror.com/
[root@hexo /]#

安装Hexo

示例：rocky9.2

[root@hexo /]# npm install -g hexo-cli

added 53 packages in 14s
npm notice 
npm notice New major version of npm available! 8.19.4 -> 10.7.0
npm notice Changelog: https://github.com/npm/cli/releases/tag/v10.7.0
npm notice Run npm install -g npm@10.7.0 to update!
npm notice 
[root@hexo /]# 

# 对于熟悉 npm 的进阶用户，可以仅局部安装 hexo 包。
$ npm install hexo

执行 Hexo

安装以后，可以使用以下两种方式执行 Hexo：

npx hexo <command>
Linux 用户可以将 Hexo 所在的目录下的 node_modules 添加到环境变量之中即可直接使用 hexo <command>：
1
echo 'PATH="$PATH:./node_modules/.bin"' >> ~/.profile

注意：实测发现，即使没有添加以上变量，也可以直接使用hexo命令

Node.js 版本限制

Hexo 版本	最低版本 (Node.js 版本)	最高版本 (Node.js 版本)
7.0+	14.0.0	latest
6.2+	12.13.0	latest
6.0+	12.13.0	18.5.0
5.0+	10.13.0	12.0.0
4.1 - 4.2	8.10	10.0.0
4.0	8.6	8.10.0
3.3 - 3.9	6.9	8.0.0
3.2 - 3.3	0.12	未知
3.0 - 3.1	0.10 或 iojs	未知
0.0.1 - 2.8	0.10	未知

初始化一个hexo站点

[root@hexo ~]# hexo init /Hexo  # 根vitepress的根类似
INFO  Cloning hexo-starter https://github.com/hexojs/hexo-starter.git
INFO  Install dependencies
INFO  Start blogging with Hexo!
[root@hexo ~]# ll /Hexo
total 176
-rw-r--r--.   1 root root      0 May  5 14:22 _config.landscape.yml
-rw-r--r--.   1 root root   2443 May  5 14:22 _config.yml
drwxr-xr-x. 210 root root   8192 May  5 14:22 node_modules
-rw-r--r--.   1 root root 155767 May  5 14:22 package-lock.json
-rw-r--r--.   1 root root    615 May  5 14:22 package.json
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root     52 May  5 14:22 scaffolds
drwxr-xr-x.   3 root root     20 May  5 14:22 source
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root     22 May  5 14:22 themes

目录结构如下：

.
├── _config.yml       
├── package.json
├── scaffolds
├── source
|   ├── _drafts
|   └── _posts
└── themes

启动

[root@hexo Hexo]# pwd
/Hexo
[root@hexo Hexo]# hexo server
INFO  Validating config
INFO  Start processing
INFO  Hexo is running at http://localhost:4000/ . Press Ctrl+C to stop.

# 如上所示，默认仅在127.0.0.1上启动，使用以下方式修改，测试有效
[root@hexo Hexo]# hexo server --ip 0.0.0.0 --port 4000
INFO  Validating config
INFO  Start processing
INFO  Hexo is running at http://localhost:4000/ . Press Ctrl+C to stop.

将站点部署到github

在github上创建一个公开的仓库，仓库名称为yourgithubaccountname.github.io，如下所示：
1
yourname.github.io
只有这样，将来要部署到GitHub的时候，才会被识别，也就是xxxx.github.io，其中xxx就是你注册GitHub的用户名.

并勾选Add a README file

生成ssh添加到Github

在Github上创建仓库完成之后，需要设置ssh免密登录

1 2	[root@hexo Hexo]# git config --global user.name yourname [root@hexo Hexo]# git config --global user.email 123@qq.com

生成ssh密钥

[root@hexo ~]# ssh-key
ssh-keygen   ssh-keyscan  
[root@hexo ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa -C 123@qq.com
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:IF9YxkM2pvSs9YpIzglKkROEWSnSh0MwDcQrCjaJCi8 123@qq.com
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 3072]----+
|O%oo  .oB        |
|=oO .. Xo.       |
|o=oo. + =.       |
|==o  o = .       |
|Boo . o S .      |
|E..= o . .       |
|..  = . .        |
|                 |
|                 |
+----[SHA256]-----+
[root@hexo ~]#

复制公钥内容：

1
2
3

[root@hexo ~]# cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub 
ssh-rsa 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 end-ing@live.cn
[root@hexo ~]#

登陆github，打开设置页面，找到SSH and GPG keys页面

SSH keys --> New SSH key，然后输入上面复制的公钥

验证

[root@hexo Hexo]# ssh -T git@github.com
The authenticity of host 'github.com (20.205.243.166)' can't be established.
ED25519 key fingerprint is SHA256:+DiY3wvvV6TuJJhbpZisF/zLDA0zPMSvHdkr4UvCOqU.
This key is not known by any other names
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'github.com' (ED25519) to the list of known hosts.
Hi yourname! You've successfully authenticated, but GitHub does not provide shell access.
[root@hexo Hexo]#

开始部署

这一步，我们就可以将hexo和GitHub关联起来，也就是将hexo生成的文章部署到GitHub上，打开站点配置文件 _config.yml，翻到最后，修改为 YourgithubName就是你的GitHub账户

_config.yml默认内容如下：

[root@hexo Hexo]# pwd
/Hexo
[root@hexo Hexo]# grep -Ev '^ *#|^$' _config.yml 
title: Hexo
subtitle: ''
description: ''
keywords:
author: John Doe
language: en
timezone: ''
url: http://example.com
permalink: :year/:month/:day/:title/
permalink_defaults:
pretty_urls:
  trailing_index: true # Set to false to remove trailing 'index.html' from permalinks
  trailing_html: true # Set to false to remove trailing '.html' from permalinks
source_dir: source
public_dir: public
tag_dir: tags
archive_dir: archives
category_dir: categories
code_dir: downloads/code
i18n_dir: :lang
skip_render:
new_post_name: :title.md # File name of new posts
default_layout: post
titlecase: false # Transform title into titlecase
external_link:
  enable: true # Open external links in new tab
  field: site # Apply to the whole site
  exclude: ''
filename_case: 0
render_drafts: false
post_asset_folder: false
relative_link: false
future: true
syntax_highlighter: highlight.js
highlight:
  line_number: true
  auto_detect: false
  tab_replace: ''
  wrap: true
  hljs: false
prismjs:
  preprocess: true
  line_number: true
  tab_replace: ''
index_generator:
  path: ''
  per_page: 10
  order_by: -date
default_category: uncategorized
category_map:
tag_map:
meta_generator: true
date_format: YYYY-MM-DD
time_format: HH:mm:ss
updated_option: 'mtime'
per_page: 10
pagination_dir: page
include:
exclude:
ignore:
theme: landscape
deploy:
  type: ''
[root@hexo Hexo]#

在末尾添加以下内容：

repo可以在github中下载code的地方查看到

deploy:
  type: git
  repo: git@github.com:yourname/yourname.github.io.git
  branch: main

进入到/Hexo目录下，

[root@hexo Hexo]# npm install hexo-deployer-git --save

added 10 packages in 6s

# 然后依次执行以下命令：
[root@hexo Hexo]# hexo clean #清除缓存文件 db.json 和已生成的静态文件 public
INFO  Validating config
INFO  Deleted database.
[root@hexo Hexo]# hexo g #生成网站静态文件到默认设置的 public 文件夹(hexo generate 的缩写)
INFO  Validating config
INFO  Start processing
INFO  Files loaded in 702 ms
INFO  Generated: archives/index.html
INFO  Generated: archives/2024/index.html
INFO  Generated: archives/2024/05/index.html
INFO  Generated: index.html
INFO  Generated: fancybox/jquery.fancybox.min.css
INFO  Generated: js/script.js
INFO  Generated: css/style.css
INFO  Generated: fancybox/jquery.fancybox.min.js
INFO  Generated: js/jquery-3.6.4.min.js
INFO  Generated: 2024/05/05/hello-world/index.html
INFO  Generated: css/images/banner.jpg
INFO  11 files generated in 1.58 s
[root@hexo Hexo]# hexo d   # 将网站上传部署到 GitHub Pages。
INFO  Validating config
INFO  Deploying: git
INFO  Setting up Git deployment...
hint: Using 'master' as the name for the initial branch. This default branch name
hint: is subject to change. To configure the initial branch name to use in all
hint: of your new repositories, which will suppress this warning, call:
hint: 
hint:   git config --global init.defaultBranch <name>
hint: 
hint: Names commonly chosen instead of 'master' are 'main', 'trunk' and
hint: 'development'. The just-created branch can be renamed via this command:
hint: 
hint:   git branch -m <name>
Initialized empty Git repository in /Hexo/.deploy_git/.git/
[master (root-commit) 1c97598] First commit
 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 placeholder
INFO  Clearing .deploy_git folder...
INFO  Copying files from public folder...
INFO  Copying files from extend dirs...
[master e38b1d9] Site updated: 2024-05-05 15:10:36
 12 files changed, 2465 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 2024/05/05/hello-world/index.html
 create mode 100644 archives/2024/05/index.html
 create mode 100644 archives/2024/index.html
 create mode 100644 archives/index.html
 create mode 100644 css/images/banner.jpg
 create mode 100644 css/style.css
 create mode 100644 fancybox/jquery.fancybox.min.css
 create mode 100644 fancybox/jquery.fancybox.min.js
 create mode 100644 index.html
 create mode 100644 js/jquery-3.6.4.min.js
 create mode 100644 js/script.js
 delete mode 100644 placeholder
Enumerating objects: 27, done.
Counting objects: 100% (27/27), done.
Delta compression using up to 16 threads
Compressing objects: 100% (19/19), done.
Writing objects: 100% (27/27), 278.82 KiB | 782.00 KiB/s, done.
Total 27 (delta 3), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
remote: Resolving deltas: 100% (3/3), done.
To github.com:1oker/1oker.github.io.git
 + 1f7b6cc...e38b1d9 HEAD -> main (forced update)
branch 'master' set up to track 'git@github.com:yourname/yourname.github.io.git/main'.
INFO  Deploy done: git

至此部署完成，可以使用了。

发布文章

进入博客所在目录，右键打开 Git Bash Here，创建博文：

1	hexo new "My New Post"

然后 source 文件夹中会出现一个 My New Post.md 文件，就可以使用 Markdown 编辑器在该文件中撰写文章了。

写完后运行下面代码将文章渲染并部署到 GitHub Pages 上完成发布。以后每次发布文章都是这两条命令。

1 2	hexo g # 生成页面 hexo d # 部署发布

也可以不使用命令自己创建 .md 文件，只需在文件开头手动加入如下格式 Front-matter 即可，写完后运行 hexo g 和 hexo d 发布。

---
title: Hello World # 标题
date: 2019/3/26 hh:mm:ss # 时间
categories: # 分类
- Diary
tags: # 标签
- PS3
- Games
---

摘要
<!--more-->
正文